Thurgood Marshall Essay -- Biography Marshall judge

Thurgood Marshall was an American legal adviser and the primary African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Preceding turning into an appointed authority, he was a legal counselor who was best associated with his high achievement rate in contending under the steady gaze of the Supreme Court and for the triumph in Brown v. Leading group of Education. Marshall was conceived in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 2, 1908. His unique name was Thoroughgood however he abbreviated it to Thurgood in second grade. His dad, William Marshall, imparted in him a gratefulness for the Constitution of the United States and the standard of law. Moreover, as a kid, he was rebuffed for his school bad conduct by being compelled to peruse the Constitution, which he later said aroused his curiosity in the archive. Marshall was a relative of slaves. Marshall moved on from Lincoln University in Pennsylvania in 1930. Subsequently, Marshall needed to apply to his old neighborhood graduate school at the University of Maryland School of Law, however the senior member revealed to him that he shouldn't trouble since he would not be acknowledged because of the school's isolation approach. Afterward, as a social equality litigator, he effectively sued the school for this strategy on account of Murray v. Pearson. Rather, Marshall looked for affirmation and was acknowledged at Howard University. He was affected by its dynamic new senior member, Charles Hamilton Houston, who ingrained in his understudies the longing to apply the precepts of the Constitution to all Americans. Marshall was an individual from Alpha Phi Alpha, the main intercollegiate Black Greek-letter society, set up by African American understudies in 1906. Marshall got his law degree from Howard in 1933, and set up a private practice in Baltimore. The next year, he started working with the Baltimore NAACP. H... ...anuary 24, 1993. He was covered in Arlington National Cemetery. He was made due by his subsequent spouse and their two children. Marshall left the entirety of his own papers and notes to the Library of Congress. The Librarian of Congress opened Marshall's papers for sure fire use by researchers, writers and the general population, demanding this was Marshall's goal. The Marshall family and a few of his nearby partners questioned this case. There are various commemorations to Justice Marshall. One is close to the Maryland State House. The essential place of business for the government court framework, situated on Capitol Hill in Washington D.C., is named to pay tribute to Justice Marshall and furthermore contains a sculpture of him in the chamber. The significant air terminal serving Baltimore and the Maryland rural areas of Washington, DC, was renamed the Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport on October 1, 2005.

A Psychiatric Disorder with a Biologic Basis: OCD

Fanatical Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental issue with a biologic premise. It incorporates nosy contemplations (fixations) and dreary customs (impulses). The fixations produce tension while the impulses lessen nervousness. Tension is characterized as a â€Å"hyperalert state causing over the top autonomic excitement and reduced coping† (1). The fixations are dull musings the individual can't shield from having that can incorporate thoughts, inclinations to accomplish something, or pictures. The impulses can incorporate over the top hand washing activated by on fanatical worry about germs. Or on the other hand, the individual may feel continually risky and need to over and over check their wellbeing, for example, more than once ensuring that the entryways are bolted or that the oven has been killed. The reason for OCD is a neurochemical irregularity in the mind, so medicine can be a significant piece of treatment. It is the fourth most regular mental issue in America, happening as much of the time as schizophrenia. 5 million individuals in the United States have OCD, pretty much similarly isolated among guys and females. In spite of the fact that OCD is now and then treated daintily, it is a genuine issue. Up to 92% of individuals with it state it has meddled with significant connections, and about 60% report that it diminished either homework or with their occupations. Day by day designs are influenced by the redundant idea of impulses or on the grounds that the individual attempts to maintain a strategic distance from circumstances that trigger their OCD reactions. Three distinct synapses have been ensnared in OCD: nor epinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. Since synapses are included, medicine can regularly help in the administration of OCD. Conclusion depends on the person's side effects and can incorporate meeting, perception, the utilization of polls, and reports from relatives with respect to the individual's troubles. Notwithstanding medicine, training and brief advising can enable the person to get their confusion. Psychological treatment can help the individual use rationale and reasonable intuition to battle the impacts of OCD.

Ventria Bioscience ( Case) Example

Ventria Bioscience ( Case) Example Ventria Bioscience ( Case) â€" Essay Example > IntroductionVentria Bioscience is a company that deals with research in biotechnology. The company has been in existence since 1993. According to Deeter (2005), it was mainly established for the purpose of carrying out research on the rice. This was mainly for the purpose of improving its breed as well as ensuring that the nutrition is improved world wide. The company also carried out research on crops as the company contributed growing. Initially, the company specialized in adding traits to the crops so as to make them resistant to attacks by insects and diseases. The research was mainly done by experienced personnel in the field as all the personnel were qualified in the sector. The company then commercialized its operations using the techniques and the technology at its disposal. This worked well for the company and continued to grow and expand over the years. The management team then developed a second wave of research which was aimed at using the plants for medical purposes. Most people experienced some health problems after consuming some food crop. The plan was mainly to achieve the goals through genetic modification of the seeds (Altman, 2012). The report therefore discusses the issues surrounding the problems faced by the company in the quest to plant the pharmaceutical rice. Problems facing Scott Deteer and VentriaScott who is the CEO of Ventria faces a problem of approval by the authority to plant the pharmaceutical rice. The authorities are reluctant to give the company a go ahead due to the fact that some of the stakeholders have raised concerns regarding the pharmaceutical rice (Deeter (2005). This is despite the fact that the planting season is nearing and the company had not win the approval of the authorities. Despite the company coming up with plans of how to deal with the concerns raised by the stakeholders. The company therefore stands to loose a lot in terms of financial benefits if it does not embark on the project. This may lead to l osses for the company which may en d up being financially crippled. This is considering that the company had invested heavily on the research. It is also evident that the company may loose support of the clients as the company is already in crisis. The crisis may also erode the good public image of the company and hence making it less relevant in the sector (Sasson, 2006). Despite the fact that the intentions of the company were good, the public may end up misinterpreting it and hence causing a lot of damage to the company in terms of reputation. This issue therefore presents a major problem to Scott and the company as a whole. The company also depends on the capital venture for the purpose of its growth, development and operations. With the project on hold, the company may face a difficult time a head. This is also a problem and a great challenge for Scott who has to figure out a way of moving the company forward. The future of the company is also uncertain if the project does no t kick off unless Scott devises other means of ensuring the company beats the current challenge.

Summary of Clarkes Brontes Jane Eyre and the Grimms...

Clarke, Micael M. Brontes Jane Eyre and the Grimms Cinderella. SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500-1900. 40.4 (2000): 695-710. Clarke explores the similarities and importance of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s use of the Grimms’ version of Cinderella within the story of Jane Eyre. She outlines how the two stories are parallel and then skillfully explores the symbolism that is present in both. Through her analysis of the ways the two stories are similar, Clarke concludes that the combination of the Grimms’ Cinderella within Jane Eyre allowed Brontà « to critique and explore societal views and treatment of women as well as question and suggest alternative religious views such as those of a maternalist system. Critics have had much trouble†¦show more content†¦Clarke analyzes the symbol of the hearth which is a central theme in both stories, and as she suggests points to pre-Christian religious symbolism of the goddess or the divine mother. The hearth in Jane Eyre is associated with homecomings and precious caregiving qualities of the hearthkeepers, as well as family, emotional intimacy, intellectual companionship, and even life. Clarke suggests more concisely that hearths are symbols of all that is needed, desired, and inspiring. The hearthfire also contains a potential for devastation and destruction as Clarke points to in the examples of Helen Burns dying by fever as well as Rochester’s bed of fire. Also, Clarke emphasizes that the hearth is associated with domesticity which within Jane Eyre is associated with a resistance to the life-denying principles of a tainted social system and with this spirituality that seeks to reintegrate ancient maternalist principals in C hristianity. Clarke states the in a world like Jane Eyre’s or Cinderella’s where women become competitive and cruel or are swallowed up because it does not value them the hearth is representative of an alternative or choice for life as well as a sacred space. The moon is another symbol of religious significance in Jane Eyre in that it is a

Freud s Theory On Character, Personality, And How They...

Final Take-Home Exam | PHI 104 Question One – Freud’s Theory on Character, Personality, and How They Relate Regarding War Determined to find out the origins of our sexuality and how they develop over the course of human life, Sigmund Freud came up with his psychoanalytic theory in an attempt to explain how a person’s character or personality is formed. He believed that the first five years of a person’s life were essential in shaping one’s personality, and the way that the parent chooses to raise their child in this crucial stage is what determines normal or abnormal development of the personality. The way that a child goes through these stages is essential in shaping their personality as an adult. His psychoanalytic theory of personality explains that our behaviour results from the interaction between the id, ego, and superego - the three components of the human mind. The id controls our instinctual desire for gratification and operates primarily without thought (unconsciously). The superego counteracts this desire by making us aware of the social norm, helping us differentiate between what is right and wrong - commonly referred to as a conscience. The ego attempts to bring a healthy balance between the two by compromising between the urges of the ego with the rationality of the superego. In a sense, the ego determines how to establish a compromise between the two within our society. Freud believed that these three non-physical components of the mind are in constantShow MoreRelatedUnethical Behaviour12228 Words   |  49 PagesCarolina; and Archbishop Bernard Law of the Boston Roman Catholic Diocese bring to mind those whose previous success ended in humiliation. As a result, several sobering questions arise including how leaders made such poor ethical decisions, what factors contributed to their ethical/moral meltdowns, and how leaders can avoid â€Å"the perfect storm† of leadership demise in the future. 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Exploring and Sharing Youth Work Practice Free Essays

Exploring the Values and Principles of Youth Work â€Å"Youth work, enables, helps, encourages and celebrates young people’s achievements and efforts. It walks beside a young person on their journey to transition to the adult world. It does not judge but rather provides an open ended support at times and in places where no other service can. We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring and Sharing Youth Work Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Professor Ted Milburn, CBE President YMCA Scotland Youth work is a process of engaging and building relationships with young people and providing a safe, secure and fun environment where young people feel supported and valued. Young people are central to the planning and delivery of youth work as it responds to youth issues. This offers a range of opportunities and programmes that reflect the many different requirements such as age difference, gender, special needs and race enabling young people to fulfil their potential. The purpose of youth work is well defined in the Youth Work Manifesto 2011, and is as follows: †¢ build self-esteem and self-confidence †¢ develop the ability to manage personal and social relationships †¢ create learning and develop new skills encourage positive group atmospheres †¢ build the capacity of young people to consider risk, make reasoned decisions and take control of their lives †¢ develop a ‘world view’ which widens horizons and invites social commitment †¢ build the capacity of young people to influence local and national decision makers The values and principles that underpin youth work are: Young people choose to participate The y oung person takes part voluntarily. She/he chooses to be involved, not least because they want to relax, meet friends and have fun. The young person decides whether to engage or to walk away. The work must build from where young people are Youth Work operates on young people’s own personal and recreational territory – within both their geographic and interest communities. The young person’s life experience is respected and forms the basis for shaping the agenda in negotiation with peers and youth workers. Youth Work recognises the young person as a partner in a learning process It complements formal education, promoting young people access to learning opportunities which enable them to fulfil their potential. Youth Work safeguards the welfare of young people It provides young people with a safe environment in which to explore their values, beliefs, ideas and issues. Youth Work treats young people with respect It values each individual and their differences, and promoting the acceptance and understanding of others, whilst challenging oppressive behaviour and ideas. Youth Work is concerned with facilitating and empowering the voice of young people It encourages and enables young people to influence the environment in which they live. Youth Work respects and values individual differences It supports and strengthens young people’s belief in themselves, and their capacity to grow and to change through a supportive group environment. Youth Work is underpinned by the principles of equity, diversity and interdependence Effective Communication in Youth Work â€Å"We all use language to communicate, to express ourselves, to get our ideas across, and to connect with the person to whom we are speaking. When a relationship is working, the act of communicating seems to flow relatively effortlessly. When a relationship is deteriorating, the act of communicating can be as frustrating as climbing a hill of sand. † Chip Rose, attorney and mediator The act of communicating involves verbal and nonverbal components. The verbal component refers to the content of our message‚ the choice and arrangement of our words. The nonverbal component refers to the message we send through our body language. Some of the methods used to communicate are: Non Verbal CommunicationVerbal Communication †¢ Facial Expression (e. g. frown)†¢ Dialogue †¢ Body Posture†¢ Presentation Hand Gestures†¢ Tone of voice †¢ Pictorial representations†¢ Written word †¢ Appearance (e. g. untidiness)†¢ Pacing and volume of voice Exchanging ideas and thoughts verbally with others is the most common form of communication. However, there can be barriers with this, especially within a youth work setting. Some of these barriers are: Language It is important not to use ove rly-formal language and jargon, which young people might not understand. Also be aware of the language young people might use, i. e. slang. Stereotypes and generalizations Youth workers must be sensitive to the complexities of certain situations and should be open to different opinions and views and not see the world as black and white. Jumping to conclusions Youth workers should not assume to know the reasons behind events. It is important to have all the information. Dysfunctional responses Ignoring or not responding to a comment or question quickly undermines effective communication with a young person. Also, responding with an irrelevant comment or interrupting others while they are speaking also creates a poor environment. Lacking Confidence Whether it is the youth worker or young person, lacking confidence can be a major barrier to effective communication. Shyness, difficulty being assertive, or lack of self-worth can hinder your ability to make your needs and opinions known to others Nonverbal Cues Nonverbal cues can block verbal communication. The wrong facial expressions or body language from a youth worker might put off a young person from opening up or continuing a conversation. Not Listening Not listening constitutes a major barrier in verbal communication. If a young person thinks that you are not listening then they will not speak with you. Inconsistency Inconsistency can also blocks verbal communication. If you say one thing and then later change your stance, it might confuse or frustrate a young person. Verbal communication barriers can put a serious strain on relationships that ultimately need to be collaborative in order to most effectively meet the needs of our young people. Use of these â€Å"communication errors† results in increased emotional distancing between youth worker and young person and can result in conflict and a negative environment for everyone involved. Albert Mehrabian, a US Educational Psychologist, has developed a famous formula for how verbal communication works. The formula is: 7% of meaning is in the words that are spoken. 38% of meaning is in the way that the words are said. 55% of meaning is in facial expression and body language. The key message here is simple – It’s not what you say, it’s the way that you say it. Nonverbal Communication table Gesture | Common Interpretation | Hair Twirling | Flirting, nervous, uncertainty, incompetence| Placing your hand in front of your mouth | Insecurity, uncertainty| Rubbing your arm or leg | Nervous, uncertainty| Slumped posture | Can’t be bothered, low self-esteem, boredom, alienation| Open palms | Open, honest| Palms down | Serious, domination| Clenched fist | Angry, frustrated, aggression| Holding hands behind back | Hiding something, defensive| Wringing hands | Nervousness, anxious| Arms folded over chest | Annoyed, bored, uninterested, low self-esteem| Too little eye contact | Shy, dishonest, nervous, no confidence| Gesture | Common Interpretation | When exaggerated| Forward Lean | Interested, concern, affection| Troubled| Direct eye contact | Interested | Aggressive| Unique dress/hairstyle | Confident, creative | Attention seeking, confused| Upright posture | Confident | Feeling uneasy| Handshake | Friendly | Intrusive, eccentric, aggressive An assertive person has the ability to express the needs, wants and emotions in a controlled manner without violating the rights of others or being aggressive. Characteristics of an assertive person might include: †¢ Knowledge of their own rights †¢ Ability to initiate and sustain comfortable relationships with a variety of people †¢ Willingness to compromise †¢ Ability to discuss things in a controlled manner The difference between an assertive person and an aggressive person are as follows: Assertive =â€Å"Win, win† †¢ Expresses feelings and thoughts honestly and appropriately †¢ Shows respect for themselves and others †¢ Considers the rights and needs of others Can effectively influence, listen and negotiate so others co-operate willingly Aggressive = â€Å"winner, loser† †¢ Expresses feelings and thoughts in a way which violates the rights of others †¢ Shows disrespect for themselves and others †¢ Puts own needs abo ve others and denies people choice †¢ Can negatively influence, not listen and not negotiate and make others do what they don’t want to do †¢ Puts own needs above others and denies people choice Interpersonal skills are the skills used when interacting with other people. In a challenging situation, effective interpersonal skills are essential. In a youth work setting, some of the skills a worker should have are: An ability to ‘read’ other people and build rapport †¢ Being able to ask useful questions †¢ You can more easily influence people †¢ You can handle conflict and challenging situations in constructive ways †¢ Show understanding With good interpersonal skills communication and relationships between young people and workers are enhanced. Building Relationships in Youth Work â€Å"The flexibility and skills of youth work staff enable them to get trust from young people†¦ in many instances for the first time that a young per son has been able to trust an adult. I never cease to be amazed at how the youth work process can transform some of our most vulnerable young people and change their view of self and society in such a positive fashion. † Alex Linkston, CBE, Prince’s Trust Volunteer, retired CEO West Lothian Council and Chair of YouthLink Scotland. It is important to promote positive relationships with young people in youth work to: †¢ Provide learning and encourage success †¢ Ensure everyone is given a voice and feels heard †¢ Empower those with conflict to resolve it for themselves †¢ Preserve a sense of belonging and create positivity †¢ Develop and maintain mutual respect †¢ Build and repair relationships †¢ Develop world view and broaden horizons †¢ Build social skills and provide Life Skills Five qualities, which constitute a positive personal relationship, are: †¢ Trust †¢ Mutual respect †¢ Communication †¢ Understanding †¢ Familiarity/Common ground Five qualities, which constitute positive youth work relationships, are: †¢ Trust †¢ Approachable †¢ Non judgemental †¢ Good listener/empowering †¢ Respect So what are the differences between a personal relationship and a youth work relationship? – Even though the words used above to describe the two different types of relationships tend to be different they are quite similar in that they involve helpfulness and working together. In a professional relationship you often motivated by a task/goal (i. e. the young person’s learning, etc. ) that you are working together to complete and achieve. In a personal relationship the ultimate goal is happiness and building true trust. There are two main themes that emerge with some regularity when reading about relationships in youth work. These themes detail why positive relationships in youth work are important and are stated below: Education for relationship The ability to develop good and satisfying interpersonal relationships is seen as the main, or a major reason for fostering learning. This has been one of the main themes lying behind many informal educators concern with social education. Education through relationship Our relationships are a fundamental source of learning. By paying attention to the nature of the relationship between educators and learners, it is argues, we can make a significant difference. In particular, the quality of the relationship deeply influences the hopefulness required to remain curious and open to new experiences, and the capacity to see connections and discover meanings (Salzberger-Whittenberg et al. 1983: ix). Introduction to Planning and Evaluating Youth Work Plan (Needs Aims) †¢ Describe why the youth work group/programme is needed by the young person and/or the community †¢ State who has identified the need for the group. (I. e. young person/Social work/ groups/partner organisations) †¢ Describe what the project is about in â€Å"broad terms†. State what the group is aiming to achieve. The need for a group can be identified through: †¢ Discussions †¢ Formal consultation †¢ Social Network surveys †¢ Partnership meetings †¢ Community lead steering groups †¢ Statistics †¢ Government Policies Outline (Objectives/Implementations) List the objectives (specific aims) of the group and make a series of act ions that will be put in place to ensure each of the stated objectives is achieved †¢ Describe how the objectives will be carried out/delivered How many beneficiaries/Age group/gender †¢ List who will benefit from the group (i. e. young person/social work/parents) †¢ List any information about the target group Resources (Funding, staff, etc. ) †¢ List any resources required such as money, staffing requirements, equipment, area, time and transport, etc. Partners Involved †¢ List any other agencies/partners that may be involved with the group/project such as police/SW/school/NHS Intended Experiences Outcomes Describe how the group relates to the CfE capacities (Confident Individuals, Responsible Citizens, Successful Learners and Effective Contributors) †¢ Highlight the importance of the quality and nature of the participant’s experiences †¢ Describe the outcome of the group (i. e. what is to be achieved) †¢ Assess the progress in the lea rning plan and look at next steps Intended Impact (Data Definitions) †¢ Describe the purpose/point of the group. †¢ Describe how the group will have a positive effect on the all-round development and life chances of the young people involved Evaluation †¢ State how the group will be evaluated (i. e. participant feedback) How to cite Exploring and Sharing Youth Work Practice, Essay examples

Soap Producers and Distributors Ltd Human Resources Management

Organizations require competent and experienced personnel to exploit available resources effectively. Well-managed human resources result to orchestrate teams; human resources department is responsible for planning, deploying, employing, training, retaining, and dismissal of employees.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Soap Producers and Distributors Ltd Human Resources Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although Soap Producers and Distributors Ltd human resources management team have enacted a proper staff compensation policy, the company still suffers high staff turnover. This paper evaluates the company’s current state and gives recommendations on how it can improve its human resources management policies. Additions that the company needs to enact The company’s staff compensation policy is said to be 10-11% higher than similar jobs in the same industry; in addition to the high wages a nd salaries, the company has medical schemes, paid leaves and holidays, and employees enjoy charismas bonus. Despite above package, that is attractive, the company still suffers high staff turnover. The most probable reason for the high staff turnover is the employment environment that the management has created. To retain employees, management should ensure that the organization has favorable environment that nurtures talents and creates room for innovation, invention, and creativity among staffs. The human resources management team should focus on the operating environment that employees work in; in this context, the management should ensure that employees enjoy their duties. Some of the policies that the company can implement in that effect include having orchestrated team, involving subordinates in decision making, and developing effective communication strategy with an organization. Cafeteria Approach The compensation policy adopted by Soap Producers and Distributors Ltd seems not too commensurate with the kind of requirements that the company’s employees. The company should consider adopting a cafeteria approach; cafeteria approach encompasses the needs of employees’ preferences for benefits; according to the approach compensation should not be standards but should be based on individual preferences. There are people who would be motivated by monetary compensations while others may need non-monetary benefits like promotions.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the diversity that the company has when recruiting employees, the human resources department should consider developing an effective cafeteria approach of compensation as it improves the company’s operating environment. Recruitment program for Soap Producers and Distributors Ltd Soap Producers and Distributors Ltd management should ensure that employees’ ne eds at one particular point are known and measures taken to ensure right number are maintained. Ensuring that the right numbers of employees are maintained starts from personnel needs planning; planning involves using past staff needs and predicting the future needs. Generally, human capital can be sourced internally or externally: the method adopted depends with the availability of the qualifications available. The main aim of human resources planning is to ensure that there is the right number of employees, at the right time, at the right place, and at the right cost. Human resources planning are a continuous process as long an organization is operating. When recruiting human capital, Soap Producers and Distributors Ltd recruiting team should work closely with departments requiring the capital to devise proper recruitment program. Successful candidates should undergo continuous coaching, mentoring, and training to enable them performs their duties diligently. Continuous employees performance appraisals assist management enacts training programs; some organizations have employees training as a continuous process to ensure that employees are up-to-date with the changes in the industry. Motivational measures should be put in place to ensure that employees are loyal to the organization and they work efficiently. This case study on Soap Producers and Distributors Ltd Human Resources Management was written and submitted by user Cloud 9 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Washington essays

Washington essays George Washington is best known as the first president of the United States, and a man of moral fortitude with his famous cherry tree legend. However, there is much more to Washingtons extensive character and contribution that give him the legacy of being, perhaps the most influential leader in the creation of the American nation. Through his achievements as commander-in-chief during the Revolution, in support of the drafting and ratification of the Constitution, and as first president, Washington was instrumental in transforming the ideals of the Revolution into reality. His career as soldier, revolutionary, constitution-maker, and chief executive of a new nation demanded a range of skills and talents with few precedents in history. Washington proved himself to be a firm, dignified, conscientious, yet cautious president. He did not want the central government to become too strong and meticulously avoided getting too involved with Congress, since he was a firm believer of separation of powers. In addition he was not biased or prejudice against any faction of the parties. He also always tried to commit every action with proper reason, and to set a precedent with each action for the presidents that would hold office after him. He did not believe in pushing or proposing any legislation or anything that undemocratic, or unconstitutional. Washington, along with others help then was able to stabilize the government after the adoption of the Constitution. One of the precedents that Washington established was The Presidential Cabinet, which was later used by future presidents as well. Whenever, he had any doubts about a decision he would consult his cabinet, an assembly that he himself chose. While appointing the members of the Cabinet, Washington did not favor any faction of a party, and assigned several positions to different political people. He gave Alexander Hamilton the position of Secretary of Treasury, who was confer...

Percent Yield Definition and Formula

Percent Yield Definition and Formula Percent yield is the percent ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield. It is calculated to be the experimental yield divided by theoretical yield multiplied by 100%. If the actual and theoretical yield ​are the same, the percent yield is 100%. Usually, percent yield is lower than 100% because the actual yield is often less than the theoretical value. Reasons for this can include incomplete or competing reactions and loss of sample during recovery. Its possible for percent yield to be over 100%, which means more sample was recovered from a reaction than predicted. This can happen when other reactions were occurring that also formed the product. It can also be a source of error if the excess is due to incomplete removal of water or other impurities from the sample. Percent yield is always a positive value. Also Known As: percentage yield Percent Yield Formula The equation for percent yield is: percent yield (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100% Where: actual yield is the amount of product obtained from a chemical reactiontheoretical yield is the amount of product obtained from the stoichiometric or balanced equation, using the limiting reactant to determine product Units for both actual and theoretical yield need to be the same (moles or grams). Example Percent Yield Calculation For example, the decomposition of magnesium carbonate forms 15 grams of magnesium oxide in an experiment. The theoretical yield is known to be 19 grams. What is the percent yield of magnesium oxide? MgCO3 → MgO CO2 The calculation is simple if you know the actual and theoretical yields. All you need to do is plug the values into the formula: percent yield actual yield / theoretical yield x 100% percent yield 15 g / 19 g x 100% percent yield 79% Usually, you have to calculate the theoretical yield based on the balanced equation. In this equation, the reactant and the product have a 1:1 mole ratio, so if you know the amount of reactant, you know the theoretical yield is the same value in moles (not grams!). You take the number of grams of reactant you have, convert it to moles, and then use this number of moles to find out how many grams of product to expect.

Thomas Jefferson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thomas Jefferson - Essay Example In 1698, much before the birth of Jefferson, Locke wrote in the second chapter of his famous Second Treatise on Government: â€Å"All men by nature are equal†¦in that equal right that every man hath to his natural freedom, without being subjected to the will or authority of any other man; †¦ being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jefferson understood these natural rights to be the most significant for the preservation of human dignity and happiness. He said: â€Å"Perhaps it will be found that to obtain a just republic (and it is to secure our just rights that we resort to government at all) it must be so extensive as that local egoisms may never reach its greater part; that on every particular question, a majority may be found in its councils free from particular interests, and giving, therefore, an uniform prevalence to the principles of justice†. For him the ideal political system for America was one which respected and upheld these rights, the rights which were a man’s by birth, which could not be created by a government but could of course be violated by it. To this end, Jefferson’s contribution to the constitution were the first ten amendments which together constitute the â€Å"The Bill of Rights†. These were put in place to ensure that the American government could never supersede the natural, God-given rights of the American citizen. Jefferson’s vision for America saw a nation where the people were the first priority, not the institutions and organizations. He never wanted institutions to have the power to manipulate people, and saw governments, organized religions and commercial monopolies as threats to the people. He opposed the formation of banks, commercial monopolies and a standing military. To Jefferson, the agrestic ideal of a farming community seemed ideal, where the the people were not dependent on

Biography Mary Wollstonecraft 1759-1797 Research Paper

Biography Mary Wollstonecraft 1759-1797 - Research Paper Example Together with Arden, they attended classes by Arden’s father and studied absorbing books (Taylor, 2003). Work In 1783, she helped her sister Eliza escape from an abusive marriage. Together they established a school at Newington Green where she acted as a schoolteacher and a headmistress. It was at this time that she began her literary work and wrote the book â€Å"Thought on Education of Daughters: With reflection on Female Conduct, In the More important Duties of Life†. In 1787, she was appointed the governess of the Kingsborough household. She was dismissed, since she had discrepancies with the Lady of Kingsborough, but the children liked her. This experience inspired her to write the book Original Stories from Real life. After her dismissal she moved to London to focus more on her career as an author. She was unhappy with the limited employment opportunities that were there for poor yet dignified women. In London, she learnt German and French, which helped her in tra nslating texts. She also wrote book reviews in the periodical Analytical Reviews. These experiences opened a wide field of intellectual material to her. It gave her a chance to interact with great philosophers, such as William Godwin, and political radicals, such as Thomas Paine (Taylor, 2003). Private life When in London, Mary had a relationship with an artist Henry Fusseli, who was by then married. She proposed a nonsexual relationship with Henry and his wife, but his wife was dismayed by that idea. Henry had to break off relations with Wollstonecraft. After this incidence, she traveled to French to experience the atmosphere of the French revolution personally. Here, she fell in love with Gilbert Imlay; this romantic relationship culminated in her getting pregnant with her first child. Gilbert was not bent on settling down in marriage, left Wollstonecraft in France and went to London. Mary’s work at this time reflected her loneliness and depression of a woman caught up by a revolution, both external and internal. She followed Gilbert to London but he rejected her. She made an attempted suicide, but Gilbert rescued her. She attempted to save her relationship with Gilbert by going on a dangerous trip to win a business deal for him; unfortunately, he never took her back. She made a second suicidal attempt by jumping into the fast running river Thames but was rescued by a stranger. According to her, the attempts to commit suicide were very rational. She later got into a romantic relationship with Godwin and got expectant. She married him so that the baby would not be illegitimate. The couple moved to two separate adjoining houses in order to retain their independence and communicated through letters. Godwin wrote memoirs that vividly portrayed the negative side of Mary's character, including her attempted suicides, illegitimate children and shaky private life. Though he was writing this being in love with his wife, it actually represented Wollstonecraft i n an unfavorable light. Wollstonecraft's death In September 30 1797, Wollstonecraft delivered her second born. The placenta ruptured and became infected. Wollstonecraft was in agony for several days and finally died September 10 the same year (Taylor, 2003). Contribution to philosophy Her efforts were aimed towards fighting for the rights of women. In the Vindication of the Rights of

Race: Is It a Valid Issue? Essay -- Sociology Racism Prejudice Essays

Race: Is It a Valid Issue? Biological advancements such as Darwinism and Mendelian genetics had a profound impact on the study of race in the scientific community. These new concepts eventually led some scientists to question the validity of traditional notions about race. The resulting debates continue even today. The idea of race, especially in citizens of this country, evokes strong feelings because of the enormous social implications associated with racial identity. The social connotations of racial categories have had a profound influence on the way scientists understand human variation. Early ideas of race were colored by these connotations, and they still play a critical role in the way we understand race today. This paper will explore, with an emphasis on historical context, the current debates over whether to continue to inlude race in scientific, and especially medical, studies. Recently, some scientists have advocated the elimination of race from scientific studies altogether. They argue that it is not a useful category for the study of human subjects. Others argue just as strongly that it is. It will be helpful to first examine the historical development of the concept of race before examining the usefulness of race in scientific investigations. Race is a relatively new concept. Ancient civilizations, though they encountered and included people from many different parts of the world, did not make social distinctions based on physical appearance. They distinguished people according to customs and religion; not race. Acclaimed classicist Frank M. Snowden writes: The Egyptians, whose contacts with Nubia dated back to the Old Kingdom, did not usually designate Kushites by color terms. Though the monarchs of... ...ction. New York: G. P. Putnam's 1940. Sauer, Norman J. "Applied Anthropology and the Concept of Race: A Legacy of Linnaeus" Race, Ethnicity, and Applied Bioanthropology. Ed. Claire C. Gordon. Arlington, VA: National Association for the Practice of Anthropology 1993. Shanklin, Eugenia. Anthropology and Race. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company 1994. Smedley, Audrey. Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview. San Francisco: Westview Press, Inc. 1993. Snowden, Frank M., Jr. Before Color Prejudice: The Ancient View of Blacks. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP 1983. Stepan, Nancy. The Idea of Race in Science: Great Britain 1800-1960. Hamden, CT: Archon Books 1982. Williams, David R., Risa Lavizzo-Mourey, and Rueben C. Warren. "The Concept of Race and Health Status in America." Public Health Reports. 109, no. 1 (January/February 1994): 26-41.

To What Extent Did Lenin Establish Communism in Russia Fro 1920-1924?

To what extent did Lenin establish Communism in Russia from 1920-1924? From an early age, Lenin opposed the Romanov autocratic regime, even more so following the execution of his brother for the assassination of Tsar Alexander III. Lenin was an avid follower of the writings of Karl Marx and believed communism was the way forward. He believed that everything should be owned by the government and then distributed evenly amongst the people. During the February 1917 revolution in Russia, Lenin was in exile. He knew his right-hand man Trotsky would tell him when the time was right to come back to Russia.The end of the February Revolution led to the end of the Romanov dynasty and to the Provisional Government under Lvov and Kerensky. It also meant the return of Lenin. By October 1917, he felt the time was right for a Bolshevik revolution. It was relatively bloodless and Lenin assumed the responsibility of governing Russia. Between 1920 and 1924, Lenin and the Bolsheviks attempted to shape the destiny of Russia and establish communism. He said, ‘’History will never forgive us if we do not assume power now’’.Having taking over Russia, Lenin now had the challenge of holding on to power. The first thing he did was put a decree on land. This meant that peasants were allowed take over private land. Therefore, landlords weren’t very happy about this. He also abolished the Assembly. Lenin believed in a one party dictatorship and this step was necessary for it to happen. It was at this time that the Bolsheviks became known as Communists. In an attempt to make all people equal, everyone was to be addressed at ‘’Comrade’’. Lenin’s next step now was to make peace.The slogan of the Communists was ‘’Peace, bread, land’’. From fighting in World War I, Russia was on the verge of bankruptcy. Lenin knew something had to be done. The Russians were losing battle after battle and the country co uldn’t take any more of it. Also, the army was in disarray. Soldiers were losing heart and most of them were killed. Lenin realised this had to be stopped. He was pragmatic and knew the country couldn’t take it much longer. Therefore, Lenin signed a peace agreement with Germany. This was known as the Brest-Litovsk Treaty or The Shameful Treaty.Although it obtained peace in Russia, it involved in the country losing a quarter of its land and population, eighty per cent of its coal mines and thirty three per cent of it farming land and manufacturing industry. Lenin insisted the survival of the communist regime depended on it! Lenin however was faced with opposition, collectively known as the ‘’Whites’’. These included a disarray of groups such as social revolutionaries, supporters of the Provisional Government, landlords, tsarist supporters and many more. This gave rise to a civil war in Russia. The war was the ‘’Reds’â€℠¢ vs. he ‘’Whites’’. The Reds had many more advantages than the Whites. The Red Army were under Trotsky, a very skilled military tactician. The Reds were being attacked from every direction by the Whites with the help of the Allied Powers. However, the Reds greatest threat was Pilsudski and his Polish army. This was the only battle were Lenin had peace negotiations and were he lost some of Russian territory. As time passed, Allied support lessened. This was a big disadvantage for the Whites. The Reds had another advantage over the Whites, they were more united.The Whites had many different groups who wanted and fought for different things so it didn’t work in their favour. One further advantage for the Reds was that they were located in central Russia, which was capable of being defended. This ended in victory for the Reds. During the civil war, Lenin took control of economic and political problems. He followed a policy of War Communism. This policy saw Lenin ensure that all industry and agriculture within the Communist –controlled territory was geared solely towards the war effort.All of the surplus crops that were grown by the farmers were requisitioned by the government and distributed between the workers and soldiers. Food detachments were sent to the countryside to get the food. This was very unpopular with the farmers. They began to cut back in grain production so eventually, Russia experienced a famine. An estimation of between five and seven million people died due to hunger. The Red Terror was set up by the Cheka. The Cheka were a secret police force set up to arrest and execute people who they believed opposed Lenin and the Communists.Any opposition to Lenin was dealt with legalised acts of brutality. It was a systematic terror designed to ensure the continuation of Communist rule. The Kronstadt Rising gave the Cheka a great opportunity to put down the revolt. The naval soldiers that were involved were brutall y treated and were easily defeated. Following the end of the Civil War, Lenin knew that change needed to be made. He ended War Communism and brought in the New Economic Policy. There was serious discontent which undermined support for Communism.The NEP ended the requisition of food from the peasants, peasants were now allowed to sell their surplus for profit and private enterprise was allowed in small factories. Although many of these terms were contrary to Communist beliefs, Lenin said that ‘’we must take a step backwards in order to go two steps forward at a later date’’. Although Lenin did not live to see the full effects of the New Economic Policy, he had a great effect on the Russians and established the first ever Communist state. Lenin took many steps in order for Russia to become a Communist state.

Political And Economic Theories And Systems That Influence...

Sociology short answer question 1. Describe the political and economic theories and systems that influence community services work. The Commonwealth of Australia is both a representative democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as Australia s head of state. (How government works, 2016). Since the 1990s globalization has gained widespread currency in Australia on a social, economic, political and cultural level. (Holmes, 2012, p. 340) Laws and politics have an influence on Australia’s economic system, which is capitalism and socialism. (Political Economy, n.d.) Analysis of political and economic approaches by government can add insight into the flow on effects on a community and its individual. 2. What is the†¦show more content†¦These days’ different organisations are involved and are influencing the system when dealing with social problems. Firstly, the citizen’s individual’s participation to improve the wellbeing of the community. Secondly, the community they may represent the interest of a group, organisation and / or individuals. Lastly, the government they have the responsibility for legislation, social and economic planning, public policy and program, safety and protection of community members, etc. Government agencies invest and deliver services for the community such as: education and employment opportunities; secure, sustainable housing and infrastructure; and good health and wellbeing across the life course. These diverse services are provided to people across their life span and include: community development; early intervention services; advice and information; crisis support; and ongoing services. (How government works, 2016) 4. Describe the functions of social and cultural institutions within Australian society. In Australia we have multiple social and cultural institution such as: Aged Care system, education system, families, health care system, labour markets, legal systems, government departments, the media, political systems, religious systems, work. A few of the functions of these institutions are as followed: - Aged Care system is to provide a wide range of services to the older people in Australia in both a residential and community setting. (Aged